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This chapter explores how more than ever, in the post-COVID era, managers and leaders need to develop self-leadership. High levels of self-awareness enable managers to be impactful, as they are aware of their behaviors, are able to focus on their motivations, and know how to leverage social and emotional resources to implement action plans. Unleashing every aspect of individual potential will result in more capacity for initiative and innovation, confidence, serenity, and better management of personal energy, and will lead to collective resilience and agility. The authors draw on a case study of an airline to highlight how, in a context of unprecedented crisis, self-leadership leverages resources at the individual level and then creates collective loops of agility and resilience. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
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Based on 1692 outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) events of 735 A-share listed companies in China's manufacturing industry from 2010 to 2019, this paper empirically examines the effect of investment motivation and the impact of institutional differences between China and the host country on the choice of OFDI entry mode;the paper also investigates the moderating effect of the "Belt and Road” Initiative (BRI) on Chinese manufacturing enterprises (CMEs) through use of the logit model. The empirical results show that, with greater institutional differences, CMEs become more inclined to choose cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A). Furthermore, a positive moderating effect of resource-seeking motivation on the choice of M&A OFDI by CMEs is observed. The signing of the "Belt and Road” cooperation document positively moderates institutional differences in promoting CMEs—especially state-owned CMEs—to choose the M&A mode. The "Belt and Road” Initiative provides an efficient supply system for OFDI by CMEs. This study enriches and extends existing institutional theories and provides suggestions for the promotion of the geopolitical pattern and international cooperation regarding the "Belt and Road” Initiative.
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Introduction: Reliable surveillance systems to monitor trends of COVID-19 case numbers and the associated healthcare burden play a central role in efficient pandemic management. In Germany, the federal government agency Robert-Koch-Institute uses an ICD-code-based inpatient surveillance system, ICOSARI, to assess temporal trends of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) and COVID-19 hospitalization numbers. In a similar approach, we present a large-scale analysis covering four pandemic waves derived from the Initiative of Quality Medicine (IQM), a German-wide network of acute care hospitals. Methods: Routine data from 421 hospitals for the years 2019-2021 with a "pre-pandemic" period (01-01-2019 to 03-03-2020) and a "pandemic" period (04-03-2020 to 31-12-2021) was analysed. SARI cases were defined by ICD-codes J09-J22 and COVID-19 by ICD-codes U07.1 and U07.2. The following outcomes were analysed: intensive care treatment, mechanical ventilation, in-hospital mortality. Results: Over 1.1 million cases of SARI and COVID-19 were identified. Patients with COVID-19 and additional codes for SARI were at higher risk for adverse outcomes when compared to non-COVID SARI and COVID-19 without any coding for SARI. During the pandemic period, non-COVID SARI cases were associated with 28%, 23% and 27% higher odds for intensive care treatment, mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality, respectively, compared to pre-pandemic SARI. Conclusion: The nationwide IQM network could serve as an excellent data source to enhance COVID-19 and SARI surveillance in view of the ongoing pandemic. Future developments of COVID-19/SARI case numbers and associated outcomes should be closely monitored to identify specific trends, especially considering novel virus variants.
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The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), also known as the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21(st) Century Maritime Silk Road, is a strategy of China's entry into international markets through the building of land and sea trade corridors with the necessary infrastructure. According to the Chinese government's statements, any State and any international organization can join the project that creates an inclusive cooperation platform. The aim of this article is to analyze the implementation of BRI in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), as well as to identify changes that occur in this process under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary sources are statistical data, government documents, papers of international organizations and forums, think tank reports, speeches by officials, media publications, etc. In the course of the study, the following results are obtained: recent scientific works on the topic are systematized, the issues considered in them are highlighted;the main documents related to the BRI and China-L.. cooperation are listed and briefly characterized;the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the implementation of BRI in the region is identified. The author comes to the conclusion that, on the one hand, the BRI is a kind of rebranding of China's policy towards Latin America and the Caribbean. On the other hand, this initiative strengthens China's presence in the region. It has become especially noticeable in the COVID-19 pandemic context. In addition, there is a strategic expansion of the project itself and its goals, which may lead to a significant increase in tension between China and the USA.
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PurposeThis study aims to examine how participation in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) affects province-level regional economic resilience. In the context of dual circulation - the new development paradigm proposed by the Chinese Government - participating in the BRI is an important means of connecting both international and domestic circulations and achieving high economic resilience. The complex causal relationship between participation in the BRI and province-level regional economic resilience is investigated. Design/methodology/approachBased on the complex system view, this study uses fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to examine the impact on regional economic resilience when provinces participate in the BRI through unimpeded trade, infrastructure connectivity, financial integration and people-to-people bonds under the two conditions of attention allocation and buffering capacity. Qualitative textual analysis is applied to analyse provincial work reports, and relevant statistical data are used to measure the economic resilience from 2013 to 2020. FindingsThe authors identified three condition configurations that lead to a high regional economic resilience at province-level and one condition configuration that lead to no high-level regional economic resilience. Research limitations/implicationsIn-depth analyses of qualitative materials should be conducted to explain the systematic relationships among the conditions. Originality/valueThis research is of practical significance to the development of the theoretical framework and practices of the BRI in the context of dual circulation.
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This paper examines how firms have transformed and executed IT-enabled remote work initiatives during the COVID-19 pandemic. After examining archival data on a sample of 100 firms in Spain, we discover three types of IT-enabled remote work firm's strategies: leader, agile, and survival. Leader companies have a competitive advantage over agile companies, which in turn have a competitive advantage over survival organizations. We find that firm size was crucial to executing remote work firm's initiatives as a leader or survival. The industry significantly affected the implementation of remote work firm's initiatives during the three pivotal periods in the telecommunications industry. © 2023
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The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is considered one of the most important public goods that China has contributed to the world in the twenty-first century, attracting the attention and participation of countries around the world. Latin American and Caribbean countries (LAC) are important partners for the BRI. In recent years, the relationship between China and LAC has been heating up, and cooperation in various fields has fully developed, providing a guarantee for the mutually beneficial development of China and LAC. The BRI has become a development opportunity that Latin America's political, business, academic, and nongovernmental communities are focused on. In 2020, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) ravaged the world, causing serious losses, economic stagnation, and social problems in many countries. On September 8, 2020, the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in LAC countries was close to 7.87 million, of which Brazil, the largest country in Latin America, had more than 4.19 million confirmed cases. Due to the economic and social turmoil caused by the pandemic, the LAC economy declined by 7.9% in 2020 according to a new report from World Bank, making it a far deeper recession than the 2008–2009 global financial crisis or the Latin America debt crisis in the 1980s, erasing the growth achieved in the prior 10 years. The United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) pointed out that international trade continues to shrink, and LAC exports are expected to drop by 23%, which greatly hinders normal economic cooperation between China and Latin American countries. Under such circumstances, there needs to be a new vision of the BRI and China-LAC cooperation. This chapter analyzes the achievements of BRI cooperation between LAC and China, the LAC economic and social stagnation during the COVID-19 pandemic and the transformation of the "Belt and Road” joint construction between China and LAC in the post-pandemic era. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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The global covid-19 pandemic forced higher institutions in Nigeria to migrate from traditional mode of teaching to online platform. It is on this premise that this study examined covid-19 lockdown and students' perception of online learning Initiative in Al-Hikmah University, Nigeria. Research design of descriptive type was adopted for the study. Four research questions were formulated for the study. The population consists of all 9,426 students in Al-Hikmah University. Stratified and random sampling techniques were used to select 375 respondents across all 7 faculties in the university. An instrument titled ‘Students' Perception of Online Learning Initiative Questionnaire (SPOLIQ)'' was adapted to elicit relevant data via google form. The data collected were analysed using descriptive method. Findings revealed that online learning initiative was very helpful to students amidst lockdown. Specifically, students enjoyed the use of whatsapp, zoom and telegram as platforms for receiving lectures. Findings indicate that some challenges were associated with the use of online leaning. They include inadequate data subscription and network problem among others. Lastly, adequate data subscription and good internet service were suggested as measures that can be used to improve online learning in the university.
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Spurred by the expansive shared prosperity of its Belt and Road Initiative, China was winning the economic component of its Great Power Competition with the United States in Africa. Then Covid-19 spread to Africa in February 2020. By spring Africa's honeymoon with China was over. China's Covid-19 related discrimination against Africa as well as disruption in both the supply chain and the Belt and Road Initiative weakened bilateral ties. While nobody expects China to lose its place as Africa's biggest bilateral lending and trading partner, Sino-African ties are strained. Not surprisingly, Africa turned inward and focused on its fight against the invisible Covid-19 enemy. But Africa soon found itself in a new tradeoff between battling Covid-19 and violent extremism. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
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A swiftly changing geopolitical and geoeconomic landscape in Central Asia-Southeast Asia (CASA) resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic coupled with the modern Great Power Competition (GPC)-calls for a timely shift in U.S. foreign diplomacy to "soft power” facilitation and cooperation in this fragile region. The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed that isolationism and/or the over-reliance on militaristic might are ineffective strategies for maintaining long-term U.S. national interests. As China rapidly expands its "soft power” influence in the Central Region through its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), the U.S. must enact similar strategic undertakings to remain competitive. To that end, the New Silk Road Initiative (NSRI) is the United States' best option to compete and/or cooperate with China's BRI. Strategic implementation of the NSRI is critical, not only for gaining traction in the modern GPC, but ultimately for expediting a successful recovery from the pandemic, through increased regional trade and economic development. The NSRI can facilitate the commercialization of Afghanistan's vast wealth of natural resources, especially its rare earth and critical minerals, ensuring continued U.S. strategic influence in the CASA region. The NSRI can also be instrumental in affording new opportunities for interstate cooperation within the scientific and technological communities during this crucial time of global recovery. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted not only our global interconnectedness and interdependence, but also the prospect of great power cooperation in the service of global healing. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
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BACKGROUND: Improved breastfeeding practices have the potential to save the lives of over 823,000 children under 5 years old globally every year. The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) is a global campaign by the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund, which promotes best practice to support breastfeeding in maternity services. The Baby-Friendly Community Initiative (BFCI) grew out of step 10, with a focus on community-based implementation. The aim of this scoping review is to map and examine the evidence relating to the implementation of BFHI and BFCI globally. METHODS: This scoping review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. Inclusion criteria followed the Population, Concepts, Contexts approach. All articles were screened by two reviewers, using Covidence software. Data were charted according to: country, study design, setting, study population, BFHI steps, study aim and objectives, description of intervention, summary of results, barriers and enablers to implementation, evidence gaps, and recommendations. Qualitative and quantitative descriptive analyses were undertaken. RESULTS: A total of 278 articles were included in the review. Patterns identified were: i) national policy and health systems: effective and visible national leadership is needed, demonstrated with legislation, funding and policy; ii) hospital policy is crucial, especially in becoming breastfeeding friendly and neonatal care settings iii) implementation of specific steps; iv) the BFCI is implemented in only a few countries and government resources are needed to scale it; v) health worker breastfeeding knowledge and training needs strengthening to ensure long term changes in practice; vi) educational programmes for pregnant and postpartum women are essential for sustained exclusive breastfeeding. Evidence gaps include study design issues and need to improve the quality of breastfeeding data and to perform prevalence and longitudinal studies. CONCLUSION: At a national level, political support for BFHI implementation supports expansion of Baby-Friendly Hospitals. Ongoing quality assurance is essential, as is systematic (re)assessment of BFHI designated hospitals. Baby Friendly Hospitals should provide breastfeeding support that favours long-term healthcare relationships across the perinatal period. These results can help to support and further enable the effective implementation of BFHI and BFCI globally.
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Breast Feeding , United Nations , Infant, Newborn , Child , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Child, Preschool , World Health Organization , Postnatal Care , HospitalsABSTRACT
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought widespread change to health care practice and research. With heightened stress in the general population, increased unhealthy alcohol use, and added pressures on primary care practices, comes the need to better understand how we can continue practice-based research and address public health priorities amid the ongoing pandemic. The current study considers barriers and facilitators to conducting such research, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, within the context of recruiting practices for the STop UNhealthy (STUN) Alcohol Use Now trial. The STUN trial uses practice facilitation to implement screening and interventions for unhealthy alcohol use in primary care practices across the state of North Carolina. Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 15 practice coaches to discuss their recruitment experiences before and after recruitment was paused due to the pandemic. An inductive thematic analysis was used to identify themes and subthemes. Results: Pandemic-related barriers, including challenges in staffing, finances, and new COVID-19-related workflows, were most prominent. Competing priorities, such as quality improvement measures, North Carolina's implementation of Medicaid managed care, and organizational structures hampered recruitment efforts. Coaches also described barriers specific to the project and to the topic of alcohol. Several facilitators were identified, including the rising importance of behavioral health due to the pandemic, as well as existing relationships between practice coaches and practices. Conclusions: Difficulty managing competing priorities and obstacles within existing practice infrastructure inhibit the ability to participate in practice-based research and implementation of evidence-based practices. Lessons learned from this trial may inform strategies to recruit practices into research and to gain buy-in from practices in adopting evidence-based practices more generally. Plain Language Summary: What is known: Unhealthy alcohol use is a significant public health issue, which has been exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Screening and brief intervention for unhealthy alcohol use is an evidence-based practice shown to help reduce drinking-related behaviors, yet it remains rare in practice. What this study adds: Using a qualitative approach, we identify barriers and facilitators to recruiting primary care practices into a funded trial that uses practice facilitation to address unhealthy alcohol use. We identify general insights as well as those specific to the COVID-19 pandemic. Barriers are primarily related to competing priorities, incentives, and lack of infrastructure. Facilitators are related to framing of the project and the anticipated level and type of resources needed to address unhealthy alcohol use especially as the pandemic wanes. Implications: Our findings provide information on barriers and facilitators to recruiting primary care practices for behavioral health projects and to implementing these activities. Using our findings, we provide a discussion of suggestions for conducting these types of projects in the future which may be of interest to researchers, practice managers, and providers.
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WHO has given a special call to involve youth in END TB initiative. Involvement of youth, especially in the medical fraternity, in the TB control activities can ensure we reach our goal of ending TB in India by 2025. This study was planned to recruit and monitor young volunteers from medical colleges of Andhra Pradesh. 183 volunteers were recruited from 15 medical colleges and were tasked to spread awareness among general public. Work of these volunteers was monitored via Whatsapp group chats and videoconferencing. 4 follow-up meetings were held via videoconferencing and various hurdles and challenges were discussed. Major challenges faced included lack of physical meetings due to COVID-19 pandemic, which adversely affected their motivation and monitoring activities. Increased involvement from medical colleges, regular telecommunication and meetings can improve the work and motivation of these volunteers.
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COVID-19 , Pandemics , Humans , Adolescent , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/prevention & control , Motivation , Videoconferencing , India/epidemiologyABSTRACT
While countries in the Global North have staved off the worst economic and health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic through massive stimulus spending, this option has been unavailable to many low- and middle-income countries, largely because high debt burdens have constrained fiscal spending. Nevertheless, almost no debt relief has materialized. The ad hoc approach to sovereign debt governance that emerged out of the debt crises of the 1980s helps explain why. It established an absolute commitment to upholding the right of private creditors to choose whether to participate in debt restructurings that has helped obstruct all significant sovereign debt governance reforms, preventing meaningful debt relief even in the context of the worst humanitarian crisis since the Great Depression. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Resumen Deuda en tiempos del COVID-19: opciones de acreedores y fallos en la gestión de la deuda soberana. Area Development and Policy. Mientras que los países del hemisferio norte han evitado los peores efectos económicos y sanitarios de la pandemia mediante enormes gastos en incentivos, esta opción no ha estado disponible en muchos países de ingresos bajos y medios, en gran parte debido a que las elevadas cargas de la deuda han limitado el gasto fiscal. Sin embargo, no se ha materializado casi ningún alivio de la deuda. El enfoque especial para gestionar la deuda soberana que surgió de las crisis de la deuda de los ochenta podría explicar los motivos: un compromiso absoluto para apoyar el derecho de los acreedores privados a elegir si quieren participar en la reestructuración de la deuda ha permitido obstruir todas las reformas significativas de la gestión de la deuda soberana, impidiendo un importante alivio de la carga de deuda incluso en el contexto de la peor crisis humanitaria desde la Gran Depresión. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Аннотация Долг во времена COVID-19: выбор кредитора и неудачи в управлении суверенным долгом. Area Development and Policy. В то время как страны Глобального Севера предотвратили наихудшие последствия пандемии для экономики и здоровья населения благодаря масштабным расходам, этот вариант был недоступен для многих стран с низким и средним уровнем дохода, в основном потому, что высокое долговое бремя ограничивало бюджетные расходы. Тем не менее, почти никакого облегчения долгового бремени не произошло. Специальный подход к управлению суверенным долгом, возникший в результате долговых кризисов 1980-х годов, помогает объяснить, почему: абсолютная приверженность соблюдению права частных кредиторов выбирать, участвовать ли в реструктуризации долга, препятствовала сколь либо значительным реформам в области управления суверенным долгом, предотвратив облегчение долгового бремени даже в контексте худшего гуманитарного кризиса со времен Великой депрессии. (Russian) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] 摘要 新冠肺炎时期的债务: 债权人选择与主权债务治理的失败. Area Development and Policy. 虽然全球发展中国家通过大规模刺激支出避免了疫情对经济和健康造成的严重影响, 但是这种行为对许多中低收入国家来说是不可用的, 主要原因是高额债务负担限制了财政支出。然而, 几乎没有实现任何债务减免。20 世纪80 年代的债务危机中出现的主权债务治理的特别方法有助于解释原因: 对维护私人债权人选择是否参与债务重组权利的绝对承诺, 阻碍了所有重大的主权债务治理改革, 即使在大萧条以来最严重的人道主义危机背景下, 也无法有效减免债务。 (Chinese) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Area Development & Policy is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2023 Report) (GOLD 2023) maintains the basic framework of GOLD 2022, but with major revisions in the definition, assessment, initial therapy and follow-up management of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) as follow: (1) Chapter 1: The definition and overview section was rewritten to propose a new definition of COPD, incorporating new background information, therapeutic strategies and classifications for COPD, with the addition of content on chronic bronchitis;(2) Chapter 2: Content on screening and case-finding of COPD has been included, the ABCD assessment tool has been revised to the ABE assessment tool (no further grouping of high-risk population of acute exacerbation of COPD based on symptom levels), information on imaging and computed tomography scans (CT) has been included in the diagnosis and assessment section;(3) Chapter 3: Recommendations for Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccination have been updated, information on therapeutic interventions to reduce COPD mortality has been included, issues related to inhalation delivery have been updated, content on inhaled medications adherence and remote rehabilitation has been included, information on interventional and surgical therapies of COPD has been expanded in the prevention and maintenance treatment section;(4) Chapter 4: Information on the selection of inhalation devices has been included, information on initial drug therapy and follow-up drug therapy has been updated in the management of stable COPD section;(5) Chapter 5: A new definition of and set of acute exacerbation of COPD assessment parameters have been proposed, information on differential diagnoses of acute exacerbation of COPD has been expanded in the acute exacerbation of COPD section management;(6) Chapter 6 and 7: Updating content on COPD and complications (Chapter 6), COPD (Chapter 7) and COVID-19 based on the latest evidence. The above updates will be an important guide to the clinical management of COPD. © 2023 Chinese General Practice. All rights reserved.
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PurposeThis paper aims to explore the extent to which global reporting initiative (GRI) standards reflect the material concerns of stakeholders in developing countries, with particular reference to Latin America.Design/methodology/approachThe main dataset was a sample of 120 media articles that discussed corporate conduct related to COVID-19 from both developing (Chile, Mexico and Peru) and developed (Australia, UK and the USA) countries. Concerns evident from those articles were compared and then mapped to applicable GRI standards to identify relevant disclosures and gaps. Findings were triangulated by drawing on two additional datasets: Latin American GRI-related academic literature (in Spanish) and submissions to GRI standards.FindingsMedia analysis reveals significant differences between developing and developed country concerns, as well as gaps in GRI disclosure requirements in relation to customers, labour standards and corporate interactions with non-government organisations and governments. Analysis of Latin American literature corroborates the concerns raised in media articles regarding employment. Additionally, it points out country-specific issues and calls for increased reporting of corruption. Analysis of the GRI standards development process reveals marked underrepresentation of developing countries, which may contribute to the observed deficiencies in the GRI standards.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the (surprisingly rare) research concerning the quality of GRI standards and responds to calls for greater attention to developing countries in the SEA literature by showing that GRI standards may not fully meet the needs of users in the developing country context of Latin America. The paper also contributes to practice via specific recommendations for improvement to GRI standards and the standard-setting process and provides a summary of the key findings from Spanish-language Latin American literature.
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PurposeBecause food waste is a serious problem today, society is currently aiming for more responsible consumption to minimize it, as defined in the 12th goal of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This study aims to examine whether an informative initiative can help to raise university students' awareness of food waste consequences.Design/methodology/approachThe initiative consisted of explaining the problem of food waste to students of two marketing subject modules within economics and business administration degrees and asking them to participate in an activity in which they analyzed their own behavior. To assess its impact, two questionnaires about the students' food waste behaviors were administered, before and after the initiative, adopting an experimental design.FindingsThe results show that the information and awareness activities were successful, because, after the initiative, the students were more aware about the food waste problem and its consequences and were more critical of their behavior regarding the management of leftovers at home.Research limitations/implicationsDespite some circumstances under which the study was conducted (the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown), the practical and social implications are relevant.Practical implicationsThis study offers some interesting practical implications for educational institutions that want to inform and train students in more responsible consumption behavior. It shows that an initiative in which students are involved, like collecting data about food waste, in their homes with a diary, and informative sessions can be useful to increase students' awareness of food waste to behave in a more sustainable way.Social implicationsThese findings may be of interest to academics for designing initiatives that try to train and educate young people in making more responsible personal and professional decisions.Originality/valueThis study analyzes the impact of an awareness-raising initiative about food waste in higher education, which is a relatively neglected topic in the literature.
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COVID-19 might become another weapon in the armory of those who believe that the answer to the twenty-first century is to build a bigger wall. A pandemic that exposes the weakness of systems for international cooperation will lead some politicians to campaign on more nationalist platforms. In the last decade, countries have realized the benefit of becoming soft power superpowers, and have spent more time and energy shifting the way the world sees them. This chapter discusses from a personal perspective how states have used digital technology to craft new messages internationally, and both the challenges and benefits they have found along the way. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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The purpose of this causal-comparative study was to employ a quantitative research paradigm to determine the impact of a one-to-one technology initiative on the development of the 4 C skills of high school students. An objectives-based evaluation model was used to review the one-to-one implementation for future planning and continuous improvement. COVID-19 provided an additional factor that forced both teachers and students to use their newly acquired one-to-one technology tools faster and more extensively than anticipated. The immersion into the new learning environments were captured through pre and post COVID-19 experiences.This study found that teachers did not perceive any effects on the development of 4 C skills of students after the one-to-one technology initiative. A one-way ANOVA test supported the null hypothesis that there was no effect as perceived by teachers. They did find value in the technology tools overall, noting the ease of communication, increased collaboration opportunities, more creation tools, and a more equitable learning environment. Student data revealed a much more positive perspective of the effects the one-to-one technology initiative. The student analysis showed statistically significant differences in all 5 dependent variables as reflected in the Kruskal-Wallace non-parametric test. This research can help fill a void in existing research by focusing on the development of students' 4 C skills instead of grades and test scores to determine any impact after the implementation of the one-to-one technology initiative. This research study can guide future initiatives and inform best practices for innovative change. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
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This paper evaluated whether the citizens are satisfied with outcomes and performance of lockdown initiatives in defending against COVID-19. We statistical analyzed participants' characteristics and used a logit regression to analyze the factors associated with their experience and satisfaction with the lockdown initiative. According to our results, the issues of information disclosure, reasonable resource arrangements, and timely governmental responses significantly influenced the experiences of citizens during the lockdown period. The findings can guide policy makers regarding implementing more progressive initiatives to limit the spread of COVID-19 and facilitate the use of emergency measures for the sake of public health. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.